COCUY TOWNSHIP - BOYACÁ
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Geographically Cocuy Township is located in the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia, the Cocuy is northeast of Boyaca department at some 2,750 meters above sea level and with an average temperature of 14 ° C, which retains a perimeter of 77.6 km and an area of 253 square kilometers.
The Cocuy is the capital of the Province of Gutierrez, has great natural, architectural and cultural.
The fourth population Cocuy was legally founded by the Spanish in the New Kingdom of Granada, the first was Bogotá (1538), the second Velez (1539), the third Tunja (1539), and the fourth San Gabriel of Cocuy in the first quarter of 1541, by Captain Gonzalo García Zorro.
Is one of the most beautiful towns of Boyacá and Colombia, its main tourist displayed in the Sierra Nevada, but there are other attractions for you to enjoy your trip: The colonial and republican architecture of their houses is another of wealth available to this county, besides its rich cultural and other interesting sites that you can know .....!! Cheer ..... visit Cocuy
HISTORY:
Historically the settlement was Cocuy agroalfareras cultures, apparently from the north of the country, resulting in an increase in agricultural practices and the beginning of settlements and small villages as the "Laches". In this way originated the Arctic indigenous settlement was reached and the most densely populated and more complex socio-political organization in groups or Tunebos U'was, Laches and Music; formed chiefdoms like Cocuy, Panqueba, Chita, Ura, Cheva, Ogamora and people of the salt.
On arrival of the conquerors were distributed land plots with different crops according to the climate where established their temporary habitation sites. Among the activities developed by the Indians were deer hunting, fishing and farming corn, coca, potatoes, beans, etc. ..
There are two versions about the early explorers of these territories one speaks of German George of Speyer, who left the province of Coro in Venezuela to the Colombian Orinoco and its transit through the foothills adjacent to the region rose to the Chiscas lands and Laches (1533) but did not found any village.
The second version of the Spanish speaking Hernan Perez de Quesada and his soldiers in search of the house of the sun in 1542, also the first evangelists to reach Cocuy were the Augustinians and Dominicans Fathers, causing radical changes in its culture and in its political and social organization.
As its foundation is believed to be in 1679, before this date and until 1709 was just a slip, this according to a file in the code quoted colony Boyacense. The first priest of Cocuy was the missionary Fr Xines Sanchez Picon in 1679. The old town was erected a parish in 1709. Then in 1738 he began the construction of the old parish church hard work over thirty years and in 1775 the tower was completed.
According to the parish, Cocuy was founded on the site is now called Los Molinos and large landslides because the dwellings were destroyed. The ancient inhabitants were building their residential homes in the current site and on the sides of the road that was heading to Salina Bucaramanga, surely this was the reason why Cocuy not follow the guidelines of the settlers who were founded as commonly represented as a square central axis around which was the church, the houses of the authorities and the parishioners. The spatial Cocuy unfolded along a path that eventually became the actual street third street today.
The administration of these municipalities between 1754 and 1822 was led by the village headman called which exercised authority in short neighborhood places and few inhabitants.
In the colony until 1814 Cocuy became part of the province of Tunja. From 1814-1821 was called Northeast department which belonged Cocuy. In the last year the Constitution of Cucuta created the Department of Boyacá and since 1824 he became part of the canton called Cocuy name that I keep until the reforms of 1842 and 1843 to the Constitution of the Republic of New Granada.
In 1857 the city of El Cocuy belonged to the province whose capital was Tundama Santa Rosa de Viterbo. In 1863 The Department Cocuy belonged to North whose capital was Soatá. Law 7 of 18 October 1878 the Department created and organized with capital Gutierrez Cocuy which was founded on the principles that now form the province of Gutiérrez and the constitution in 1886 divided the country into departments and those in the provinces and the Cocuy became part of the province of Gutierrez.
Periods of violence in the country had particular impact on the Cocuy, where the situation was particularly severe registering deaths and emigration of its inhabitants to other regions of the country for more than twenty years, marking a final shape and development progress thereof.
In the past 30 years The Cocuy is inserted in the national standards reaching social and cultural progress above the surrounding municipalities of preserving the characteristic of being provincial capital, is how the December 17, 1985 was declared by the Corporation Department of Tourism as the prettiest town in Boyaca in tribute to the architectural design of its buildings, its natural beauty, grooming and culture
http://www.elcocuyboyaca.com/elcocuy.htm
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The basis of the economy are farming, which is engaged in the production of potatoes, corn, wheat, barley and beans mainly in agriculture and livestock: cattle, sheep, goats, and to a lesser extent in the minor species livestock sector. It highlights the dairy industry as one of the major lines of the economy of this region.
Dominant economic activities in the municipalities are the potato with the beef sector are, with an area of 700 to 750 hectares for potato production and 12,000 hectares for pasture production. The potato is grown mainly in the villages of Canaveral, Palchacual, Spring, and Mortiño Carrizal, 95% of the area devoted to this crop is above 3,000 masl and on slopes greater than 20%. The top producers are those who grow the product to a greater extent and to obtain better yields and incomes. No guilds or associations organized in this sector.
The final product is sold to brokers that sold in department and other cities in the country. The quantity of potatoes sold weekly, is between 500 and 700 loads (source: private warehouses).
Livestock (mainly Norman race), is the economic sector which occupies the largest area of land represented approximately 12,000 hectares of natural pasture crops and improved. Recently, thanks to a program of genetic improvement, advance between the municipal administration and ASONAORMANDO, through the practice of artificial insemination, the race has had a significant development, being ranked as one of the best in Colombia, according to results in regional fairs and competitions Agroexpo domestic and Bogota.
The main products obtained from livestock are milk and meat, with a daily output of approximately 8,600 to 10,000 liters of milk and several tons of meat up weekly. The milk marketing is done daily, farmers take the product to the shore of the different roads veredales and buyers is collected and processed in the production of products such as cheese and yogurt; process performed in microenterprises in the municipality.
http://www.elcocuyboyaca.com/elcocuy.htm
CULTURE:
Is the set of distinctive spiritual, material, intellectual, emotional and affective, that characterize a society or social group in a given period. The term also encompasses culture lifestyles, ceremonies, art, inventions, technology, value systems, fundamental rights, traditions and beliefs. Cultural heritage comprises all goods and cultural values that are expressions of Colombian nationality such as tradition, customs and habits as well as the set of tangible and intangible assets, personal property having a special historical, aesthetic , plastic, architectural, urban, archaeological, environmental and ecological, linguistic, sound, musical, audiovisual, film, scientific, testimonial, documentary, literary, literature, museum, anthropological and demonstrations, products and representations of popular culture.
Music:
Music is one of the most representative cultural expressions of the culture of a people in the region of El Cocuy, musical expressions have excelled especially in the genre of country music. A departmental and national level are: The polyrhythmic of Cocuy and Boyacá partiers.
Dance:
In this respect The Whirlwind is the most representative of the field air cocuyano which are accompanied with dances and songs, this is a fast moving loose dance and swirl, the instruments used in the interpretation of the vortex are: Treble, Requinto, Maracas and Ratchets. At the rate of Whirlwind and interpreted by different groups veredales social gatherings are held in the field. Some dances are exercised by Whirlwind cocuyanos are:
• The Three Dancing: dancing between three people, a man and two women or a woman and two men, who vie for the attention of the dancer or dancer, a dancing couple separated gurita marking a step and the third step is often intersects with them, and in alternate spaces each member sings a song.
• The Six Dance: Dance is like three double, two women and four men and four women dancing together separated and then mixed.
• The Dance of Braid or Clizneja: also known as the dance of the tapes, the dancers weave their tapes which evokes the valuation of the loom with 16 dancers danced around a pole from which hang the ribbons adorned with flowers held by another dancer, is woven from top to bottom and then begins to unravel the whirlwind pace.
• Blanket Handspun: in this dance mimics part of the process of spinning a blanket, the woman wears a fleece for spinning and elements as the use and whorls. The dance begins with a greeting, the woman makes a gesture of shearing sheep, meanwhile man hank ball at times try to catch the thread of your partner and dance is given as wool wraps, the women end throws the ball symbolizing the finished blanket.
Expressions and literary compositions:
Couplets: The songs or ballads accommodations usually 4 verses and occasionally accompany the compass whirling them mainly evokes the landscape, everyday aspects, love and other feelings of a people. These were popular at parties veredales on pilgrimages, in serenades, peasant group in the work, in the middle of the dances in the challenges of balladeers and other social events cocuyana life.
Examples:
First love I had
Sat with a cocuyana
I loved her because she had
In The Wool sick Cocuy
Women today
They are like the shock of upa
They walk with one and another
And shame not concerned
The popular refrain: Are these, aid and sentences commonly arise from experience and express deep popular philosophy.
Example:
When old ox, tender grass
When friend and not be weary horse
Fallen tree, all make firewood
Rich widow, with a weeping eye and the other chimes
These: are everyday expressions, words or phrases that relate to virtues and defects, occurrences, some cocuyanos these are:
or you hit the ceiling
o Menito
or Ay Junita
or not we are to fandangos
or Chub Chub and give no butter
or beggar and stick
RELIGIOUS FESTIVALS
Easter:
Is the conclusion that the more important in the religiosity of Catholics Cocuy. The religious sense until 20 years ago was exaggerated as to attend the liturgy the faithful were subjected to rigorous penance imposed by the confessor ranging from flogging to practice rigorous fasts. They had local band which accompanied liturgical celebrations. Is the procession with all steps being more representative of the 3 Jews, currently on display but not removed by their weight, other days the liturgy are those of the Catholic Church.
Corpus Christi:
Celebration in June, has been traditionally raise a series of arches in the park's perimeter and hermitages, placing them tied municipality's own agricultural products, foods representative of the region, animal cages, serving as gateways to different places altars where custody. One of the aspects that characterized the festival in the past, was deer hunting especially Cuernipelón, and others like the anteater, the Tiger and birds among others that were displayed on the door of the church and the chapels, all years expeditions were organized hunts with dogs to meet this objective. Fortunately this practice is over but the celebration is preserved without the environmental damage.
Party of the Virgen the Carmen
July 16 celebration party that brings together drivers, takes place the procession with the image of the Virgin and the vehicles behind it. The reverend father performed the blessing of the automotive, invoking for them the protection of the Virgin.
Pilgrimages: A Chiquinquirá: this is one of the longest processions is preserved. At first is to walk, this tour was done in 15 days round trip for which it was necessary to carry the essentials such as food and clothing, within the most representative food was the jumble, meat and mashed potato Another feature of these pilgrimages was the accompaniment of musical groups that enlivened the journey. Over time it was losing the real objective of this procession as it gave rise to promiscuity and incest because the bedroom community and it was banned by some pastors.
Funeral Rites: Until the mid-twentieth century the deceased who enjoyed some importance in the town, the day of the funeral procession was paraded around the square, in this march the band of musicians played the funeral march to the cemetery gate.
In this time they celebrated the death of a child with the "dance of the little angel", was a celebration of the deceased child home because it was assumed that the child was in heaven and was a special guarantee for the child's parents and as the burial was accompanied by cheerful music. Today the event is celebrated with simplicity, the vigil is held in the house of the deceased or a relative and the next day he gives the liturgical act quickly buried.
Religious Holidays: The Catholic cocuyanos devotion celebrating the feast of San Roque in order to ask the favor of plague usually presented in the months of July and August. They also performed the Feast of St. Aloysius Gonzaga with Procession. The girls' first communions were held on the feast of the Blessed Virgin Mary on May 13, another party was important for the sidewalks of San Isidro Labrador, this event took place in the main square where the image was placed adorned with holy bread and other agricultural products, also stood in a particular place or zapalla a pumpkin, in which devotees alms encrusted coins. In this square is a kind of garden arranged with the offerings of the peasants. The above parties today are no longer performed.
Customs and Crafts:
Market: The market day in a village is important since it is the day of trade both municipal and intermunicipal, bought and sold agricultural products and livestock to different destinations. In Cocuy market grew at Plaza Colón until 1980 Olympus Gallo park today, the market day is Friday except Good Friday day shifts Holy Wednesday. The market absorbed the market Cocuy neighboring municipalities, sold grains, potatoes alfalfa, particularly in representative quantities Cocuyana since land is very fertile, the agricultural product to be brought out was mostly fruit. In those markets abounded sheep and pigs slaughtered, sold wood and coal in large quantities in 1930 only because it was cooked in charcoal oven and hob.
There was also named store that sold flour. Located in the eastern part of the square. In 1981 the market was moved to the Plaza Nueva.
Theatre: In 1919 to commemorate the centenary of the Battle of Boyacá, was given the name of a facility Boyacá Teatro Colonial in the center of town, there also ran the city library and the hall of the City Council.
Handicrafts: Handicrafts cocuyana is based on products made in wool, work that has been done since the nineteenth century and has continued from generation to generation. It has become an important item of the economy in the month of December that an important craft fair.
Wool Processing: It begins with the shearing of the sheep, washed very well the pavilion, once dry or escarmenarla proceeds to crumble, then spun with metal or wood using a tortero at the bottom or a electric motor spinner, spun once heat is used in its natural or dyed with aniline leaving boil stirring constantly fire for uniform dyeing. The next step is to wash it again with water and put it to dry in a shady place, eventually leading to the weaver for making the blanket or poncho, or if the target is the tissue begins garments in two needles are make bags, hats, scarves, gloves and balaclavas, among others.
Another technique that is managed artisanal Cocuy is basketry, in the village of Llano Grande Laureles industry.
Scheduled Events:
Patron: They are made in honor of Our Lord of Mercy, patron of Cocuy, this cover is held annually usually from 7 to 12 December, as part of these festivities is done Exhibition Fair Horse, Sheep, Cattle , and the craft fair, bullfights, fireworks, popular festivals, the corresponding liturgical.
It is customary, the participation of the villages who bring the dancers (comparzas, costumes) and parade through the main streets of town.
Popular Beliefs:
These beliefs are the product of a religious way of life, in an environment of nature and how each person plays with negative and positive for an explanation and a reaffirmation of himself. The cocuyanos have beliefs as to believe that there are good and bad hours to resume a path, good and bad days in the year. Believing that with one herbal remedy all diseases are alleviated.
Omens:
Singing Owl near the house foreshadows the death of a relative.
Dreaming of a black bull, enemies in sight
Seeing a black cat is lucky.
Myths and Legends:
In myths are narrated events associated with the formation of the universe, gods, nature and powers of man, the primitive explained through these situations and did not understand some phenomena of nature, legends are also part of the oral tradition, myths differ because in them there is a real event and assembled according to the imagination and creativity of the person. The representative of the myth is that of Moham Cocuy Cocuyano and Mahanita Muhammad.
Drink:
Feeding cocuyana is based on potatoes, meat, corn, and rice. In rural areas has not been made aware of the nutritional value of foods such as vegetables, eggs, and dairy products because sometimes these products are sold and not left for home consumption, causing malnutrition in childhood and not gives the value to be homegrown.
Some dishes:
• Roast lamb with salt and pepper potato
• Tamales
• Roasting
• salt and sweet Wraps
• Chorizas and Genovas
• Arepas
• The kind of mashed potatoes mashed with boiled egg, wrapped in corn husks.
• Hen sweaty
Soups:
• Soup Ruyas
• cuchuco corn, wheat and barley
• Mute
• Angu
Amasijo:
• Liudas Arepas
• Shortbread
• cake pan
• almojábanas
• crumbs (corn cakes)
• Dusters
• rosquetes
EDUCATION:
Gross coverage rate of 100% for basic education (preschool, elementary school, elementary school) and 93% for education. Baseline 1992: 76.08% and 59.11% respectively.
CONPES STRATEGIES 91: The basic strategy is to focus on segments of the population with lower levels of education, without neglecting those who have better averages as well:
Universal access to the education system for all children from six years beginning in the preschool level. Emphasis should be given to the care arrangements for children and school groups with delay and learning difficulties. It is essential in this regard that the country incorporates technologies and pedagogical tools to stimulate and child development to achieve a smooth transition to the education system, to the above, it shall develop and implement the initial education component for children under 5 years.
By area, giving priority to rural areas especially in the secondary level.
By income group, providing financial incentives, including mechanisms of direct subsidies to poorer conditioned his attendance and school retention.
Establish and strengthen private participation schemes for the provision of educational services, aimed at expanding coverage.
The limited relevance of education as a basic expression of quality, is one of the leading causes of school absenteeism especially in the secondary level, so it is necessary to work for the improvement of quality, starting with performing continuous monitoring of progress in achieving, through national and international comparisons.
Therefore, the country will implement standardized tests and tests census Know State, and participate in international quality tests.
Implementation of sanctions to the breach of the standard of compulsory basic education, taking into account the provisions of the 1991 Constitution.
Improvement of school infrastructure through appropriate use of resources under the heading General Quality System of Units, the resources allocated by Act 21 of 1982 and the investment projects of the Ministry of Education.
Using information technology in primary and secondary, to develop the skills that students need in order to achieve the use of scientific and technological development.
Promotion of technical and technological education, in order to meet the demands of the country to improve competitiveness with the world market.
Strengthening information systems and modernization of local authorities.
Efficient use of system resources overall holdings.
GEOGRAPHY:
LIMITS:
The north with the municipalities and Güicán Panqueba. The east by the Department of Arauca, Tame Municipality. South with the municipalities of La Salina (Casanare) and Chita. West with the municipalities of La Uvita and San Mateo.
ECOLOGY:
Ecosystems: Forest on the mountain plains, Andean forest, and snowy wasteland. Fauna: The fauna is characterized by spectacled bears, tapirs moor, deer, golden eagles and ocelots.
Vegetation: In the wasteland flora frailejones highlights and Andean flora, as the Yellow timber, cedar and Totumo among others.
Weather: Cold, moor and mild.
Communities present in the area: U'wa indigenous group that preserves almost intact its traditions and ways of using resources. They are allies of the conservation of the protected area. In the west of the park live Andean mestizo culture.
Agricultural activities have been developed in the deserts of the area, a situation that places at risk the ecosystem.
RUTS AND MAPS
ROUTES TO COCUY TOWNSHIP
CIRCUIT SOATÁ, THE COCUY
The circuit begins to reach Soatá. It is located in the central-eastern part of the Cordillera Oriental, in the jurisdiction of the Northern Province and Gutierrez Boyacá Department, Western Sector Arauca Department and North-Western Sector of the Department of Casanare. This is the most broken in Dondo Department are the snowy peaks that make
Peoples of the Northern Province and Gutierrez: Soatá - Susacón - Boavita - La Uvita - San Pedro - Tipacoque - The Cocuy - Macaws - Güicán La Sierra - Panqueba.
WAYS TO ACCESS THE CIRCUIT
INLAND
ROUTE 1. From Bogota or Cll Highway 175 North, by the North Central Highway Duitama, 188 km in this city take the shuttle that takes you Soatá, 105 km will pass through the towns of Santa Rosa de Viterbo. Cerinza. Bethlehem. And finally Susacón Soatá.
You decide the route you take to get to El Cocuy or Güicán, people who are beginning or end, depending on how you start the ride adventure Los Nevados.
1A.Soatá-Boavita-La Uvita-San Mateo-Macaws-Panqueba-Güicán or Cocuy. 68 Km to Güicán - 67 to The cocuy.
1B. Soatá-Tipocoque-Capitanejo-El Espino-Panqueba-Güicán or Cocuy. 79 Km 78 Km Güicán-Cocuy. Approximate time 11-15 hours. BUSINESS
Starting from the transport terminal or Autopista Norte Bogota Cll 175. Bogota Duitama LIBERTADORES TRANSBOLIVAR COFLONORTE GACELA CONCORDE. AUTOBOY.
From Terminal Duitama,
LIBERTADORES GACELA these companies have an agreement, they travel on even days and odd GACELA LIBERTADORES, with four daily dispatches: 9:30 am/10: 00 pm 12 m / 1:00 am. CONCORDE COOTRADATIL 1 A / B.
FROM Soatá Terminal.
Route 2. From Bucaramanga there are two way to reach the circuit
Route 2A. Via San Gil - Mogotes - Onzaga - Soatá. (215Klm) Road: 22 Km pavement without rough pavement, 193 km
Route 2b. Via San Andres-Malaga-Capitanejo-El Espino-Panqueba-Güicán or Cocuy, (253 Km) Road pavement 103 km, 150 km unpaved
To reach the Nevados take routes 1A or 1B, described above.
Route 3. On the western Arauca Department: Tame-Sácama route Chita.
Route 4. From the northeast, Casanare Department: The tour is one hour between Cubará-The Chuscal (U'Wa indigenous reservation).
GENERAL MAP OF THE CIRCUIT 6 Güicán COCUY
Tourist routes within the circuit 6 Güicán Cocuy
A. Routes to the Natural Park COCUY
Sierra Nevada
Route 1 part from Güicán La Sierra.
Sierra Nevada Route 2 leaves from El Cocuy.
Route 3. People - Part from Soatá. Capitanejo route to Santander and return to La Uvita, proceed to San Mateo where he finds a nice Hotel.
Route 4. Peoples - home San Mateo, Macaws, staying at La Sierra or Güicán Cocuy. The return can make staying in Panqueba to visit Chiscas, and El Espino.
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